![]() ![]() This review takes a more narrow perspective by focusing on embodied HRI. Second, in a broader sense, HRI involves a wide spectrum of research topics, such as industrial robots, telepresence, virtual reality, and wearables. ![]() First, the focus of this review is on emotions during HRI with social robots. ![]() 2 indicates, several other exclusion criteria apply for the review process too. After excluding them from further consideration, 473 articles remained for the review (Fig. This initial scanning process revealed more than 1600 publications further screening identified many of these publications as patent reports, short reports, or book chapters though. Next, the author conducted a manual search of proceedings published in key journals and conferences (for a complete list of reviewed conferences and journals see Web-Appendix 1 /IJSR20WebApp1). 2.Īs a starting point, this review relies on an electronic search of digital libraries (Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Dimensions) using keywords such as “human–robot interaction / HRI AND emotion”, “robots AND emotion”, and “social robots AND emotions”. This comprehensive review aims to identify publications dealing with emotions during HRI with social robots (for studies on manufacturing robots, see ), following the process detailed in Fig. Therefore, a literature review is both timely and necessary. Furthermore, it is difficult to conceive the collectivity of evidence available in a particular research area. ![]() The complexity and fragmentation in this research domain makes it challenging for researchers to keep up with state-of-the-art findings. Some conceptual/overview articles, studies on emotion recognition during HRI, and publications in related fields also can inform the current literature synthesis. 1 shows.Įmpirical studies of emotions during HRI mainly revolve around three topics: (1) emotion expression by robots, (2) human recognition of robotic emotions, and (3) human responses to robotic artificial emotions. The publication rate across the two decades indicates continuous increases, as Fig. This overview seeks to synthesize research knowledge pertaining to emotions during HRI with social robots.Īs the popularity of social robots continues to rise, research into their displayed emotions also has accelerated between 20, more than 1600 publications appeared in this area. Robotic psychology is defined as interdisciplinary field examines emotional, cognitive, social, and physical human responses to human-robot interactions by also considering physical and social environments. Accordingly, and thereby contributes to robotic psychology. As social robots gain the capacity to approximate humans more closely, their emotional expressions increasingly facilitate social HRI. Furthermore, these signals allow humans to interpret robotic behaviors using well-known social cues, which they learned from prior human–human interactions. Emotional signals have been shown as important factors in human–human relationsips, and emotions by robots increase humans’ perceptions of the transparency of the HRI. Social presence is often associated with a robot’s ability to express artificial emotions and facilitate social relationships. ĭue to their automated social presence, such robots make humans “feel that they are in the company of another social entity” (, p. Social robots appear in numerous roles, such as museum guides, receptionists, educational tutors, household supporters, and caretakers. 322) or evoke social responses from them. These robots “exist primarily to interact with people” (, p. Across these domains, a growing body of research focuses on human interactions with social robots. HRI research brings together various disciplines, such as robotics, engineering, computer science, human–computer interaction, cognitive science, and psychology. It involves “the study of the humans, robots, and the ways they influence each other” (, p. HRI and research on it represent a multidisciplinary field. Due to demographic change and related skilled-worker scarcity and increased technological penetration of our private and working lives, social robots and success factors of human–robot interaction (HRI) become increasingly important. ![]()
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